Philipp I. Vysikaylo
Cumulation (self-focusing) of charged particles in non-uniform plasma (with current) is a universal property of cumulativedissipative structures with characteristic sizes from 10-15 to 1026 m. These phenomena are observed from the femto- to the macroworld (non-uniform atmospheres and ionospheres of all planets of the Solar system, intergalactic lightning). Here we draw attention to the solution and visualization of this solution of the non-stationary nonlinear 3D equation of the Navier-Stokes type. We applied this equation to describe phenomena in a non-uniform plasma with current. In this paper, a more complete classification of 3D processes of ambipolar transport in plasma with current and a classification of non-uniform 3D profiles of plasma parameters are given. We verify the theoretical models by experiments on the study of non-uniform plasma, locally perturbed by a beam of fast electrons. This leads to self-formation of: 1) shock waves of the electric field (layer of positive volume charge), stopped for photography by pumping gas, and 2) transition 3D profiles and plasma 3D Vysikaylo’s nozzles already in quasi-neutral inhomogeneous plasma. We have for the first time analytically, numerically and experimentally investigated 3D processes of nonlinear ambipolar transport caused by violation of electrical neutrality and 3D interaction of electric fields with matter (charged particles) in inhomogeneous plasma with current. For the first time it has been proven that the coefficients of ambipolar diffusion, due to violation of electroneutrality, are vectors determined by the vector of the electric field, related to the concentration of electrons (E/ne).