International Journal of Diabetes its Complications
- ISSN: 2573-8895
Bilal saeed, Usama Ashfaq, Khayam, Sana Izhar, Muhammad Shahzaib Khan and Zareena Ijaz
Background: Typhoid is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The presentation of the disease is vague and most of the patients have experienced the symptoms before presenting to hospital. The morbidity, mortality and the incidence related to typhoid fever can be reduced by educating healthcare professionals and masses regarding the clinical spectrum and modifiable risk factors.
Objective: We carried out this study to look for the clinical spectrum and the risk factors for typhoid fever in our local population.
Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Conducted on patients presenting to Combined Military Hospital Peshawar from 1st November 2022 to 30 June 2023
Materials and Methods: Those patients subjected to any empirical treatment Patients aged more than 18 years and confirmed typhoid cases through blood culture and sensitivity for typhoid were excluded. Data was gathered by a self- made questionnaire after taking informed consent from our patients. Data was analyzed through SPSS 23 version.
Results: This study included 99 patients out of which 51(51.5%) were male and 48(48.4%) were females. 40(40.4%) of the patients aged between 18-60 years, 30(30.3%) patients were less than 18years and 19(19.19%) patients aged above 60 years. Risk factors in the cases were socioeconomic, urban population was 39(39.3%) and rural 60(60.6%). 57(57.5%) of the sample population had history of uncooked food consumption. 71(71.1%) had consumed unpasteurized milk while 28(28.2%) had no history. 37(37.3%) had access to clean water. The most common presenting complaints in our cohort was fever 95(95.9%) followed by generalized body aches 82(82.8%), abdominal pain 72(72.7%), vomiting 67(67.6%), diarrhea 47(47.4%), appetite loss 57(57.5%), dysentery 24(24.2%), constipation 22(22.2%) and drowsiness
11(11.1%). Clinical signs most prevalent in our typhoid patients were coated tongue71 (22%) patients followed by toxic look in 59(18%), hepatomegaly 48(15), splenomegaly 46(14), pallor 42(13%), abdominal tenderness 17(5%), rose spots 13(4%), jaundice 9(3%), relative bradycardia 9(3%) and enlarge lymph node 7(2%).
Conclusion: The clinical spectrum of typhoid fever is very broad. Most of the patients’ lives can be saved by early picking these sign and symptoms.