Pamela Mendioroz, Andres Casoni and Federico Ferrelli
This research investigates the transformative potential of biochar, produced through pyrolysis and torrefaction of agricultural waste biomass, in addressing global challenges. Focused on climate change, soil degradation, and environmental pollution, the study underscores four key benefits: long-term carbon sequestration, enhanced soil fertility, renewable energy generation, and effective biomass waste management. The agricultural sector›s significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions prompts a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) comparing the environmental impacts of pyrolysis and torrefaction. Results reveal nuanced advantages in acidification, eutrophication, and particulate matter for pyrolysis, while torrefaction excels in ecotoxicity, human toxicity, ozone formation, and climate change mitigation. Optimized processes with renewable energy display reductions in acidification, eutrophication, and particulate matter. The study emphasizes the importance of biochar quality for various applications, considering physical, chemical, and biological attributes. Evaluating the intrinsic characteristics of biochar generated by each process is vital for aligning with diverse application requirements. Harnessing biochar›s potential through comprehensive LCAs empowers decision- makers to promote sustainable technologies, actively combat climate change, enhance soil fertility, and encourage resilient
agricultural practices for a greener future.